First Aid for Back Problems

Back Strain

This is a common condition caused by over-exerting the muscles that surround the spinal column. The most common sites affected are the lower back and neck.

You will notice:

Complaints of general aching in the affected area.
Increased discomfort when using the back muscles, particularly with leaning forward and twisting actions. Often this type of back problem is recurrent and the first-aider can only provide relief from the worst discomfort.

Treatment:

Help the casualty lie down in the most comfortable position.
Give simple painkillers like paracetamol. Never exceed the recommended dose.
Apply a covered hot water bottle to the affected area.
If the discomfort has not greatly diminished after 1 hour, seek medical advice.

When to call a doctor:

If the casualty's back has 'locked'.
The pain is very severe and the casualty cannot move.
Painkillers and rest do not provide relief within 6 hours.

Lifting Injuries

Lifting injuries are very common. It is often more distressing than back strain and in a significant number of cases it is likely to cause increased back damage.

You will notice:

Excruciating pain and discomfort.
Restricted movement; the casualty will have a tendency to walk slowly, stoop, or hold her back.

Treatment:

Help the casualty rest comfortably, preferably on a firm chair.
Call for assistance and seek medical help.

Whiplash

This usually follows a minor road accident. A sudden flicking of the head backward and forward causes it, this causes overstretching of the neck muscles, and they then go into spasm.

You will notice:

There will be a complaint of neck stiffness and discomfort that becomes progressively more severe.
The casualty may hold her head or neck in one position.
There may be a tingling feeling in the arms.

Treatment:

Help the casualty to support the head and neck in a comfortable position.
Seek medical advice.